fluxbox/doc/asciidoc/fluxbox-keys.txt

fluxbox-keys(5)
===============
Jim Ramsay <i.am@jimramsay.com>
v1.1.0, 22 July, 2008

NAME
----
fluxbox-keys - keyboard shortcuts configuration for fluxbox(1)

SYNOPSIS
--------
~/.fluxbox/keys

SYNTAX
------
Variable parameters are shown in emphasis: 'argument'

Optional parameters are shown in square brackets: ['argument']

All other characters shown are required verbatim. Whitespace is required
where shown, but it is fine to add more whitespace.

DESCRIPTION
-----------
The keys file defines the keyboard shortcuts for 'fluxbox(1)'.

You can customize fluxbox's key handling through the ~/.fluxbox/keys file. The
file consists of lines of the basic format:

*['modifiers'] 'key' :'command' ['arguments' '...']*

The space between the 'key' and the *:* before the 'command' is mandatory.

All modifiers and commands are case-insensitive. Some command arguments
(especially those that will be passed to the shell) are case-sensitive. Some
key names are case-sensitive.

Lines beginning with a '#' or '!' are considered comments and are unread by
fluxbox.

MODIFIERS
---------
You can get a list of possible modifiers by calling `xmodmap -pm'. This also
shows you to which keys the modifiers are mapped, but the following modifiers
are most commonly used:

*Shift Control Mod1 Mod4*

where *Mod1* is the Alt key on the PC keyboard and *Mod4* is usually a key
branded with a familiar company logo.

There are also some special modifiers that refer to mouse button presses:::
*OnDesktop*;;
	The mouse cursor is over the desktop (root window), and not any
	window.
*OnToolbar*;;
	The mouse cursor is over the toolbar (which is normally at the bottom
	of the screen).
*OnWindow*;;
	The mouse cursor is over a window.
*OnTitlebar*;;
	The mouse cursor is over a window's titlebar.
*Double*;;
	Limits this action to double-clicks only.

Combining Modifiers
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
To combine two or more modifiers, just list them (space-delimited) in any
order.

KEYS
----
You may specify a key by its key name (for example, *a* or *space*) or by its
numeric keycode (for example, *38* or *0xf3*).

If you don't know the name of a key, you can run 'xev(1)' in a terminal, push
the key, and see the name in the output. If you have some "special" keys that
do not produce a key name in the output of 'xev(1)', you can just use the
keycode (NOT the keysym!) in your keys file.

Commands can also be bound to mouse button presses, for which the proper "key"
name is *Mouse*'n' where 'n' is the number of the mouse button. For example,
*Mouse1* is the primary button, and *Mouse4* / *Mouse5* are the scroll wheel
events, in normal configurations. 'xev(1)' can also be used to tell the button
number.

////////////////
There are some special "keys" that let you bind events to non-keyboard events:::
*ChangeWorkspace*;;
	Fires when the workspace changes
TODO: Advanced users only?
*FocusIn* / *FocusOut*;;
	Fires when the focus is given to or removed from a window. It may be
	useful to combine this with the 'If' command, in the section *Special
	Commands* below.
*MouseOver* / *MouseOut*;;
	Fires when the mouse cursor enters or leaves a specific area of the
	screen. It may be useful to combine this with the 'On*' modifiers
	detailed above and/or the 'If' command.

////////////////
CHAINING
--------
Key bindings can be chained in a fashion similar to Emacs key bindings using the
syntax:

*'modifiers-1' 'key-1' 'modifiers-2' 'key-2' :'command' ['arguments ...']*

.To Bind CTRL+C CTRL+X (Which means, press CTRL+C then CTRL+X) to quit fluxbox
........
Control c Control x :Quit
........

KEYMODES
--------
A specific set of key mappings can be activated and de-activated on-the-fly
using what are called keymodes. The syntax to define a mapping in a keymode
is:

*'keymode': 'modifiers' 'key' :'command' ['arguments' '...']*

Where 'keymode' is any alpha-numeric string name.

When this keymode is activated (see the *KeyMode* command below), all bindings
prefaced by that keymode name become active (and all other keybindings will be
deactivated) until the keymode changes again.

COMMANDS
--------
Some commands have multiple names which are shown below as:::
	CMD1 | CMD2

Related commands have been grouped below as:::
	CMD1 / CMD2

The commands are broken up into sections as follows:::
- Mouse Commands
- Window Commands
- Workspace Commands
- Menu Commands
- Window Manager Commands
- Special Commands

Mouse Commands
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
These commands may only be bound to mouse buttons (plus modifiers), not
keystrokes. In all cases, the action finishes when the mouse button is
released.

*StartMoving*::
	Start dragging to move the window.

*StartResizing* ['corner']::
Start dragging to resize the window as if you had grabbed the window
at the specified 'corner'.
+
By default 'corner' is *BottomRight*, but may be overridden with one of:;;
*NearestCorner NearestEdge Center TopLeft Top TopRight Left Right BottomLeft
BottomRight*

*StartTabbing*::
	Start dragging to add this window to another's tabgroup.

Window Commands
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
These commands ordinarily affect only the currently focused window. The
*OnWindow* modifier and *ForEach* command may affect the window that is used.

*Minimize* | *MinimizeWindow* | *Iconify*::
	Minimize the current window, equivalent to the window button.

*Maximize* | *MaximizeWindow*::
	Maximize the current window, equivalent to the window button.

*MaximizeHorizontal* / *MaximizeVertical*::
	Maximize the current window in one direction only, leaving the other
	dimension unchanged.

*Raise* / *Lower*::
	Reorder this window to the top or bottom of the window stack, within
	its current layer. See 'fluxbox(1)' for a discussion of layers.

*RaiseLayer* / *LowerLayer*::
	Raise the window up to the layer above, or lower it to the layer
	below. See 'fluxbox(1)' for a discussion of layers.

*SetLayer* 'layer'::
	Move the window to the specified layer. 'layer' should be one of
	*AboveDock*, *Dock*, *Top*, *Normal*, *Bottom*, *Desktop*. See
	'fluxbox(1)' for a discussion of layers.

*Close*::
	Close the current window, equivalent to the window button.

*Kill* | *KillWindow*::
	Close a window that's not responding to *Close*, like using `xkill`.

*Shade* | *ShadeWindow*::
	Toggle the *shaded* state of the current window, equivalent to the
	window button. A *shaded* window appears as only the title bar.

*ShadeOn* / *ShadeOff*::
	Set the *shaded* state of the window to On / Off.

*Stick* | *StickWindow*::
	Toggle the *sticky* state of the current window, equivalent to the
	window button. A *sticky* window is visible on all workspaces.

*SetDecor* 'decor'::
	Sets which window decorations will be shown. 'decor' has the same format
	as the `[Deco]' parameter in the apps file. See `man fluxbox' section
	APPLICATIONS for more info.

*ToggleDecor*::
	Toggles the presence of the window decorations (title bar, window
	buttons, and resize bar).

*NextTab* / *PrevTab*::
	Cycle to the next / previous tab in the current tab group.

*Tab* 'number'::
	Cycle to the given tab in the current tab group, where *1* is the
	first tab. A negative 'number' counts from the end of the tab group
	(*-1* is the last tab, *-2* is the next-to-last, etc.).

*MoveTabRight* / *MoveTabLeft*::
	Reorder the tabs in the current tab group, swapping the current tab
	with the one to the right / left.

*DetachClient*::
	Remove the current tab from the tab group, placing it in its own window.

*ResizeTo* 'width' 'height'::
	Resizes the window to the given width and height.

*Resize* 'delta-width' 'delta-height'::
	Resizes the window relative to the current width and height.

*ResizeHorizontal* 'delta-width' / *ResizeVertical* 'delta-height'::
	Resizes the window in one dimension only

*MoveTo* 'x' 'y' ['anchor']::
Moves the window to the given coordinates, given in pixels.
+
If either 'x' or 'y' is set to *\**, that coordinate will be ignored, and the
movement will only take place in one dimension.
+
The default 'anchor' is the upper left corner, but this may be overridden with one of:;;
*TopLeft Left BottomLeft Top Center Bottom TopRight Right BottomRight*

*Move* 'delta-x' 'delta-y'::
	Moves the window relative to its current position. Positive numbers
	refer to right and down, and negative to left and up, respectively.

*MoveRight* 'd' / *MoveLeft* 'd' / *MoveUp* 'd' / *MoveDown* 'd'::
	Moves the window relative to its current position by the number of
	pixels specified in 'd'. If the number is negative, it moves in the
	opposite direction.

*TakeToWorkspace* 'workspace' / *SendToWorkspace* 'workspace'::
	Sends you along with the current window to the selected workspace.
	SendToWorkspace just sends the window. The first workspace is number
	*1*, not 0.

*TakeToNextWorkspace* ['offset'] / *TakeToPrevWorkspace* ['offset']::
	Sends you along with the current window to the next or previous
	workspace. If you set 'offset' to a value greater than the default of
	*1*, it will move you that number of workspaces ahead or behind. If
	you go beyond the end of the currently defined workspaces, it will
	wrap around to the other end automatically.

*SendToNextWorkspace* ['offset'] / *SendToPrevWorkspace* ['offset']::
	Identical to the "TakeTo..." commands, but again this sends only the
	window, and does not move you away from your current workspace.

*SetAlpha* ['alpha' ['unfocused-alpha']]::
Sets the alpha value of a window.
+
Putting a *+* or *-* in front of
the value adds or subtracts from the current value. A plain integer
sets the value explicitly.
+
no arguments;;
	Resets both focused and unfocused settings to default opacity.
one argument;;
	Changes both focused and unfocused alpha settings.
two arguments;;
	First value becomes the focused alpha, second becomes the unfocused
	alpha value.

*SetHead* 'number'::
	Moves the window to the given display head. Only available when fluxbox
	has been compiled with Xinerama support.

Workspace Commands
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
These commands affect the entire workspace (or "desktop" as it is sometimes
called).

*AddWorkspace* / *RemoveLastWorkspace*::
	Adds or removes a workspace from the end of the list of workspaces.

*NextWorkspace* ['n'] / *PrevWorkspace* ['n'] / *RightWorkspace* ['n'] / *LeftWorkspace* ['n']::
	Switch to the Next / Previous workspace. All versions accept an
	offset value 'n', which defaults to *1* and refers to the number of
	workspaces to move at one time. {Next,Prev}Workspace wrap around when
	going past the last workspace, whereas {Right,Left}Workspace do not.

*Workspace* 'number'::
	Jumps to the given workspace 'number'. The first workspace is *1*.

*NextWindow* [{'options'}] ['pattern'] / *PrevWindow* [{'options'}] ['pattern']::
Focuses the next / previous window in the focus list.
+
'options' is one or more of the following, space delimited:;;
+
--
	*static*;;
		Instead of moving in order of most-recent focus, move in
		order of when the window was opened (or, the order shown in
		the iconbar).
	*groups*;;
		Only include the current tab in windows with multiple tabs.
--
+
If 'pattern' arguments are supplied, only windows that match all the
patterns are considered - all others are skipped. See the section *CLIENT
PATTERNS* below for more information.
+
This pair of commands has a special side-effect when the keybinding used has a
modifier - It will temporarily raise the cycled window to the front so you can
see it, but if you continue holding down the modifier and press the key again
(For example, keep holding "Alt" while you tap the "Tab" key a few times),
fluxbox will lower the window again when you move on to the next one. This
allows you to preview the windows in order, but does not change the order in
doing so.

*NextGroup* [{'options'}] ['pattern'] / *PrevGroup* [{'options'}] ['pattern']::
	Equivalent to NextWindow / PrevWindow above, but with the *groups*
	option forced on.

*GotoWindow* 'number' [{'options'}] ['pattern']::
	Focuses and activates the window at position 'number' in the focus
	list. The 'options' and 'pattern' arguments have the same meaning as
	*NextWindow* above.

*Activate* ['pattern'] | *Focus* ['pattern']::
	With 'pattern', this is an alias for *GoToWindow* 1 'pattern'. Without,
	this behaves like a window command, so that OnWindow events can change
	the focused window.

*Attach* 'pattern'::
	Combines all windows that match the 'pattern' into a single tab group.
	See *CLIENT PATTERNS* for more about the 'pattern' arguments.

*FocusLeft* / *FocusRight* / *FocusUp* / *FocusDown*::
	Focus to the next window which is located in the direction specified.

*ArrangeWindows* 'pattern'::
	Tries to arrange all windows on the current workspace so that they
	overlap the least amount possible. See *CLIENT PATTERNS* for more about
	the 'pattern' arguments.

*ShowDesktop*::
	Minimizes all windows on the current workspace. If they are already all
	minimized, then it restores them.

*Deiconify* 'mode' 'destination'::
Deiconifies windows (or, restores from a minimized state).
+
Where 'mode' may be one of:;;
+
--
	*All*;;
		All icons across all workspaces.
	*AllWorkspace*;;
		All icons on the current workspace.
	*Last*;;
		The last icon across all workspaces.
	*LastWorkspace* (default);;
		The last icon on the current workspace.

--
+
And 'destination' may be one of:;;
+
--
	*Current* (default);;
		Deiconify to the current workspace.
//////
	TODO: Leave this out until it is stable!
	*Origin*;;
		Deiconify to the window's original workspace, and moves you
		there.... sometimes?
//////
	*OriginQuiet*;;
		Deiconify to the window's original workspace, but does so in
		the background, without moving you there.
--

*SetWorkspaceName* 'name' / *SetWorkspaceNameDialog*::
	Sets the name of the current workspace.

*CloseAllWindows*::
	Closes all windows on all desktops.

Menu Commands
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
These commands open or close fluxbox popup menus. For more information on
what these menus contain or how to configure them, see 'fluxbox(1)'.

*RootMenu* / *WorkspaceMenu* / *WindowMenu*::
	Opens the specified menu. See fluxbox(1) for more details on what
	these menus contain.

*ClientMenu* ['pattern']::
	Opens a menu that contains all windows. If you specify a 'pattern',
	only matching windows will be in the menu. See *CLIENT PATTERNS*
	below for more details on the 'pattern' argument.

*CustomMenu* 'path'::
	Opens a custom menu file.

*HideMenus*::
	Hide all fluxbox popup menus.

Window Manager Commands
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
These commands affect the Window Manager, or more than one window.

*Restart* ['path']::
	Restarts fluxbox. This does not close any running applications. If
	the optional 'path' is a path to an executable window manager, that
	manager is started in place of fluxbox.

*Quit* | *Exit*::
	Exits fluxbox. This will normally cause X to stop as well and
	terminate all existing applications, returning you to the login
	manager or console.

*Reconfig* | *Reconfigure*::
	Reloads all fluxbox configuration files including the keys file, apps
	file, and init file, if they have changed.

*SetStyle* 'path'::
	Sets the current style to that given in 'path', which must be the full
	path to a fluxbox style.

*ReloadStyle*::
	Reloads only the current style. Useful after editing a style which is
	currently in use.

*ExecCommand* 'args ...' | *Exec* 'args ...' | *Execute* 'args ...'::
	Probably the most-used binding of all. Passes all the arguments to
	your *$SHELL* (or /bin/sh if $SHELL is not set). You can use this to
	launch applications, run shell scripts, etc. Since all arguments are
	passed verbatim to the shell, you can use environment variables,
	pipes, or anything else the shell can do. Note that processes only
	see environment variables that were set before fluxbox started (such
	as in ~/.fluxbox/startup), or any that are set via the Export or
	SetEnv commands, below.

*CommandDialog*::
	Pops up a dialog box that lets you type in any of these commands
	manually.

*SetEnv* 'name' 'value' | *Export* 'name'='value'::
	Sets an environment variable in Fluxbox. It will be passed to any
	applications spawned by any future ExecCommand commands.

*SetResourceValue* 'resourcename' 'resourcevalue' | *SetResourceValueDialog*::
	Sets a fluxbox resource value, which are normally stored in the init
	file. See 'fluxbox(1)' for more details on available resources and
	allowed values.

Special Commands
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
These commands have special meanings or behaviors.

*MacroCmd* {'command1'} {'command2'} {'command3'} '...'::
	Allows you to execute more than one command with one keybinding. The
	commands will be executed in series. The *{* *}* brackets are
	literally required, as in the following example:

	MacroCmd {MoveTo 0 0} {ResizeTo 1280 800}

*Delay* {'command'} ['microseconds']::
	Delays running 'command' for the given amount of time. If the same
	key binding is activated again, the timer will be restarted.

*ToggleCmd* {'command1'} {'command2'} '...'::
	Alternates between the commands. On the first press of the bound
	key, runs 'command1'. On the next press, runs 'command2'.

*BindKey* 'keybinding'::
	Adds the given 'keybinding' (which must be a valid key binding as
	defined in the DESCRIPTION section above) to your keys file.

*KeyMode* 'keymode' ['return-keybinding']::
	Activates the named 'keymode' (or, all key binding lines prefaced
	with the same 'keymode':) and deactivates all others until the
	'return-keybinding' (by default *Escape*) is pressed. The default
	keymode is named 'default'.

*ForEach* {'command'} [{'condition'}] | *Map* {'command'} [{'condition'}]::
	Runs the given 'command' (normally one from the *Window Commands*
	section above) on each window. If you specify a 'condition' (See
	*Conditions*, below) the action will be limited to matching windows.

*If* {'condition'} {'then-command'} [{'else-command'}] | *Cond*  {'condition'} {'then-command'} [{'else-command'}]::
	If the 'condition' command returns *true*, then run the
	'then-command', otherwise run the optional 'else-command'. See
	*Conditions* below for more information on the 'condition' argument.

Conditions
~~~~~~~~~~
These special commands are used to match windows conditionally. They are
commonly used by the *If* and *ForEach* command.

*Matches* 'pattern'::
Returns *true* if the current window matches the given 'pattern'. See *CLIENT
PATTERNS* below for details on the 'pattern' syntax.
+
If your key binding uses the *OnWindow* modifier, it matches against the window
you clicked, not the currently focused window.
+
To check other windows besides the currently focused one, see the *Every* and
*Some* conditions below.

*Some* 'condition'::
	Retuns *true* if any window on any workspace (not just the currently
	focused one) matches the 'condition'.

*Every* 'condition'::
	Retuns *true* if every window on every workspace (not just the
	current one) matches the 'condition'.

*Not* 'condition'::
	Returns *true* if 'condition' returns *false*, and vice-versa.

*And* {'condition1'} {'condition2'} [{'condition3'} ...]::
	Returns *true* if and only if all given conditions return *true*.

*Or* {'condition1'} {'condition2'} [{'condition3'} ...]::
	Returns *true* if any of the listed conditions return *true*.

*Xor* {'condition1'} {'condition2'} [{'condition3'} ...]::
	Returns the boolean *xor* of the truth values for all conditions
	listed.

CLIENT PATTERNS
---------------
Many of the more advanced commands take a 'pattern' argument, which allows you
to direct the action at a specific window or set of windows which match the
properties specified in the 'pattern'. A 'pattern' looks like this:

(['propertyname'[!]=]'regexp') ...

Match definitions are enclosed in parentheses *(*...*)*, and if no
'propertyname' is given then *Name* is assumed. The 'regexp' can contain any
regular expression, or the special value *[current]*, which matches the
corresponding value of the currently focused window. See 'regex(7)' for more
information on acceptable regular expressions.

You can use *=* to test for equality or *!=* to test for inequality.

The following values are accepted for 'propertyname':::
*Name*;;
	A string, corresponding to the CLASSNAME property.
*Class*;;
	A string, corresponding to the CLASSCLASS property.
*Title*;;
	A string, corresponding to the window title.
*Role*;;
	A string, corresponding to the ROLE property.
*Transient*;;
	Either *yes* or *no*, depending on whether the window is transient
	(typically, a popup dialog) or not.
*Maximized*;;
	Either *yes* or *no*, depending on whether the window is maximized or
	not.
*Minimized*;;
	Either *yes* or *no*, depending on whether the window is minimized
	(iconified) or not.
*Shaded*;;
	Either *yes* or *no*, depending on whether the window is shaded or
	not.
*Stuck*;;
	Either *yes* or *no*, depending on whether the window is sticky (on
	all workspaces) or not.
*FocusHidden*;;
	Either *yes* or *no*, depending on whether the window has asked to be
	left off the focus list (or, the alt-tab list), or not.
*IconHidden*;;
	Either *yes* or *no*, depending on whether the window has asked to be
	left off the icon list (or, the taskbar), or not.
*Urgent*;;
	Either *yes* or *no*, depending on whether the window has the urgent
	hint set.
*Workspace*;;
	A number corresponding to the workspace number to which the window is
	attached. The first workspace here is *0*.
*WorkspaceName*;;
	A string corresponding to the name of the workspace to which the
	window is attached.
*Head*;;
	The number of the display head to which the window is attached. You
	may match this against the special value *[mouse]* which refers to the
	head where the mouse pointer currently resides.
*Layer*;;
	The string name of the window's layer, which is one of
	*AboveDock*, *Dock*, *Top*, *Normal*, *Bottom*, *Desktop*

.Matches any windows with the CLASSNAME of "xterm"
..........
(xterm)
..........

.Matches any windows with the same CLASSNAME as the currently focused window
..........
(Name=[current])
..........

.Matches any windows on the same head as the mouse but on a different layer than the currently focused window
...........
(Head=[mouse]) (Layer!=[current])
...........

FILES
-----
~/.fluxbox/keys::
	This is the default location for the keybinding definitions.
/usr/X11R6/include/X11/keysymdef.h::
	X key names are in this file.
/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/XKeysymDB::
	X key names are also in this file.

RESOURCES
---------
session.keyFile: <location>::
      This may be set to override the location of the keybinding definitions.

ENVIRONMENT
-----------
Remember that *ExecCommand* command can take advantage of other environment
variables if they are set before fluxbox is started, or via the *Export* or
*SetEnv* commands. For example, if *$TERM* is set, it could be use like this:

...........................
Mod1 x :ExecCommand $TERM
...........................

For more information about environment variables, see your shell's manual.

EXAMPLES
--------
Here are some interesting and/or useful examples you can do with your keys
file.

..................
# Mod4+drag moves a window
OnWindow Mod4 Mouse1 :StartMoving

# If any xterm windows are open, cycle through them. If none are open, open
# one:
Mod4 t :If {Some Matches (xterm)} {NextWindow (xterm)} {Exec xterm}

# Set a different wallpaper on every workspace:
ChangeWorkspace :Exec fbsetbg ~/.fluxbox/bg$(xprop -root _NET_CURRENT_DESKTOP | awk '{print $3}').png
..................

AUTHOR and CREDITS
------------------
This manpage is the combined work of:

- Jim Ramsay <i.am at jimramsay com> (>fluxbox-1.0.0)
- Curt Micol <asenchi at asenchi com> (>fluxbox-0.9.11)
- Tobias Klausmann <klausman at users sourceforge net> (<=fluxbox-0.9.11)
- Grubert <grubert at users sourceforge net> (fluxbox)
- Matthew Hawkins <matt at mh dropbear id au> (blackbox)
- Wilbert Berendsen <wbsoft at xs4all nl> (blackbox)

- Numerous other languages could be available if someone jumps in.

SEE ALSO
--------
fluxbox(1), xev(1), xkill(1), regex(7)